Bipolar Disorder

Types of Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar I Disorder: Defined by at least one manic episode that lasts at least seven days or requires hospitalization. Depressive episodes are also common.
• Bipolar II Disorder: Characterized by hypomanic episodes (less severe than mania) and depressive episodes.
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Chronic mood swings that are less severe but last for at least two years.
• Other Types: Bipolar-like conditions caused by medical conditions or substance use.

Symptoms of Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder presents in two main phases, each with distinct symptoms:

• Manic or Hypomanic Phase:

  • Increased energy, restlessness, or activity
  • Euphoric mood or irritability
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • Rapid speech, racing thoughts
  • Impulsive or risky behavior, such as excessive spending or unsafe actions
  • Grandiosity or inflated self-esteem

• Depressive Phase:

  • Persistent sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness
  • Fatigue or lack of energy
  • Difficulty concentrating or making decisions
  • Loss of interest in activities once enjoyed
  • Changes in appetite or sleep patterns
  • Thoughts of death or suicide